Learning Objectives:

1.B.2:  Phylogenetic trees and cladograms are graphical representations (models) of evolutionary history that can be tested.

1.C.3:  Populations of organisms continue to evolve.

2.A.1:  All living systems require constant input of free energy.

2.A.2:  Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes.

2.B.3:  Eukaryotic cells maintain internal membranes that partition the cell into specialized regions.

2.C.2:  Organisms respond to changes in their external environments.

4.A.2:  The structure and function of subcellular components, and their interactions, provide essential cellular processes.

4.A.6:  Interactions among living systems and with their environment result in the movement of matter and energy.